Radiology procedure (i. V. P.)

 

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)—also known as Intravenous Urography (IVU)—is a radiologic procedure used to visualize the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, and bladder) using a contrast medium injected intravenously.

1. Indications:

  • Hematuria (blood in urine)
  • Suspected urinary tract obstruction (e.g., stones, strictures)
  • Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
  • Evaluation of congenital anomalies of the urinary tract
  • Assessment of renal function or post-surgical anatomy
  • Detection of tumors, cysts, or trauma to urinary organs

2. Contraindications:

  • Absolute:

    • Allergy to iodine-based contrast agents
    • Severe renal insufficiency or failure (risk of contrast-induced nephropathy)

  • Relative:

    • Dehydration
    • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
    • Multiple myeloma
    • Pregnancy (due to radiation risk)
    • Hyperthyroidism (may worsen with iodine contrast)

3. Contrast Used:

  • Iodinated water-soluble contrast media, such as:
    • Iohexol (Omnipaque)
    • Iopamidol (Isovue)
  • Injected intravenously and excreted by the kidneys

4. Method:

  1. Pre-procedure preparation:

    • Low-residue diet 1–2 days before
    • Bowel preparation (e.g., laxatives or enemas)
    • Fasting for 6–8 hours before the procedure

  2. Procedure steps:

    • Baseline abdominal X-ray (KUB – Kidney, Ureter, Bladder)
    • IV injection of contrast medium
    • Sequential X-rays taken at timed intervals (e.g., 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes)
    • Delayed images may be taken if excretion is slow
    • Post-void image after patient empties bladder

5. Aftercare:

  • Encourage oral hydration to help flush out contrast
  • Monitor for any allergic reaction (rash, itching, anaphylaxis)
  • Monitor kidney function in high-risk patients (e.g., elderly, diabetics)
  • Resume normal activities unless otherwise instructed

Let me know if you'd like a visual diagram or case example.

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