Radiology_technique

       Radiology Case -12 (FB and Insta) Post CT Abdomen and Pelvis – Report Clinical History: 70 year-old female presenting with lower abdominal pain, swelling, and loss of appetite. Findings: 1. Pelvis : Uterus is bulky in size and show 9x8 cm posterior wall transmural focal lesion  with calcific foci within.. Focal uterine lesion -? Fibroid.. 🢂 Impression : Fibroid uterus with degenerative changes (likely hyaline or calcific degeneration ). 2. Liver : A hypodense lesion is noted in the right lobe of the liver. The liver increase in size 21 cm shape and show normal attenuation pattern and contrast enhancement 10x6x6 cm Right lob e -- Complex Cyst. 3. Other findings: Bowel loops and solid abdominal organs are otherwise unremarkable. No free fluid or lymphadenopathy noted. Impression: Large calcified uterine fibroid – likely cause of the lower abdominal mass and pain. Complex cystic lesion in right hepatic lobe – needs further e...

                  TRIPLE PHASE CT SCAN A Triple Phase CT Scan is a specialized imaging technique primarily used to evaluate vascular structures and organ perfusion , especially in the liver, pancreas, kidneys , and certain tumors. It involves acquiring CT images in three different phases of contrast enhancement after intravenous contrast injection. 🔹 Definition : A Triple Phase CT scan is a contrast-enhanced CT examination that captures images in three time-based phases following contrast injection: Arterial Phase (~20–30 sec) Portal Venous Phase (~60–70 sec) Delayed Phase (~5–15 mins) It provides detailed vascular and parenchymal evaluation, particularly useful for detecting hypervascular and hypovascular lesions. 🔹 Indications: Triple phase CT is commonly indicated in: Liver lesion characterization (e.g., HCC, metastases, hemangiomas ) Preoperative liver surgery planning Hepatic arterial mapping Pancreatic masses Renal t...

🩻 Final Diagnose Case - 10 (FB and Insta post) Clinical Presentation: Age/Sex : 45-year-old female Symptoms : Chronic cough with sputum production Breathlessness Chest pain Mild intermittent fever Imaging Modality: High-Resolution CT (HRCT) Chest   Radiological Findings:(Analysis) 🫁 Image 1: Multiple bronchial wall thickening and dilated bronchi predominantly in the lower lobes → Bronchiectasis (suggestive of chronic bronchitis) Associated interstitial fibrotic changes → Pulmonary fibrosis 🫁 Image 2: Multiple bullae and air-filled spaces with wall destruction → Emphysematous changes These are more consistent with centrilobular emphysema , often linked with smoking 🫁 Image 3: Well-defined air-filled rounded lucencies with thin walls in both lungs → Pulmonary cysts Co-existing with background fibrosis and bronchiectasis Probable Final Diagnosis: 🩺 Post-infectious Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with Bronchiectasis and Pulmo...

  FINAL DIAGNOSE- CASE NO. (FB AND INSTA )                          (Myelitis Ossificans ) This lateral elbow X-ray shows a well-defined, rounded, calcified mass in the soft tissue anterior to the distal humerus and not attached to the bone. The characteristic zonal pattern of ossification —with a more radiolucent center and denser peripheral ossification—supports the diagnosis of:    Myositis Ossificans ✅ Key Radiological Features: Location : Soft tissue ( commonly post-traumatic ), not arising from bone. Zonal ossification : Peripheral mature bone with central lucency. Well-circumscribed lesion . No cortical destruction or periosteal reaction , helping to differentiate it from aggressive neoplasms like osteosarcoma. 🧠 Important Differentials: Osteosarcoma : Irregular margins, bone destruction, and central ossification (opposite of MO). Soft tissue sarcoma with calcification : Less organized...

   FINAL DIAGNOSE CASE NO - 8 (FB and Insta )         Re port Format (Radiology case - 8) Patient Information Age/Sex : 50-year-old female Clinical History : Chronic chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath and mild fever..       HRCT Chest Report Summary Findings : Image -1  Left upper lobe shows evidence of fibrotic changes with architectural distortion and traction bronchiectasis. Image -2  Multiple air-filled cystic lesions suggestive of post-infectious cystic bronchiectasis .     Image -3 Subpleural thickening is noted in the posterior segments, especially on the left side. No evidence of active cavitary lesion or pleural effusion. Mild volume loss seen with mediastinal shift towords right side. Impression : Imaging features are consistent with post-tuberculous sequelae ( fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and cyst formation ). No evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis at present. Recommend corre...

  FINAL DIAGNOSE CASE-9 (FB & INSTA) The X-ray image you provided shows a classic "coffee bean sign" in the left side of the abdomen, indicated by the red arrows. This radiological sign is highly suggestive of: Diagnosis: Sigmoid Volvulus Explanation: The coffee bean sign represents a massively dilated loop of sigmoid colon that has twisted on its mesentery, creating the shape of a coffee bean. The central cleft of the "bean" points towards the site of the torsion. The gas-filled, dilated colon displaces surrounding structures. Key Features on the X-ray: The dilated loop of bowel with a central longitudinal cleft. The apex of the loop typically points to the right upper quadrant (but in this case, it appears left-dominant). Absence of gas in the rectum. Possible "kidney-shaped" appearance of the loop. Next Steps: Confirm with CT abdomen (may show “whirl sign”). Endoscopy.         NOTE- THIS IMAGE GENERATED BY META AI.. SO FINDI...

  FINAL DIAGNOSE CASE NO.--7 (FB & INSTA ) 📸 Radiology Case #7 👩‍⚕️ H/O : 23-year-old female 📍 Symptoms : Cough with sputum & shortness of breath, mild fever.. 🧠 Diagnosis? ➡️ Tuberculosis . 🩻 CT Findings : Image-1 ✅ Multiple nodular opacities with“ tree in bug” appearance noted in bilateral lung field. Image-2 ✅ Fibrosis with traction bronchiectasis noted in bilateral lung fields. Image-3 ✅ Small volume mediasternal Lymphnodes seen.. F/s/o- Tuberculosis .. 🧬 Differential Considerations: 🌬️ Post-infectious bronchiectasis 🦠 Tuberculosis sequelae 🧪 Primary ciliary dyskinesia ⚠️ Early Cystic Fibrosis (less likely at this age) 💡 Teaching Point: Bronchiectasis in young adults should raise suspicion for underlying systemic or genetic conditions. Always correlate with clinical history, PFTs, and sputum cultures. 🧠 What else would you consider in the differential? Drop your thoughts below! 👇 🔁 Save & share for revision | ❤️ Like if...

🫀 CT Coronary Angiography (CTCA) ✅ Definition CT Coronary Angiography is a  imaging technique that uses multi-detector computed tomography ( MDCT ) and intravenous iodinated contrast to obtain detailed 3D images of coronary arteries , used primarily to detect c oronary artery disease (CAD) . 📌 Indications CTCA is typically used for: Atypical or non-specific chest pain Low to intermediate risk of CAD Equivocal or inconclusive stress test Evaluation of coronary artery anomalies Assessment of coronary bypass grafts Pre-operative cardiac evaluation (e.g., before major surgery) Follow-up of stents (with limitations) ⚠️ Contraindications Absolute: Severe allergy to iodinated contrast Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²) Pregnancy (unless absolutely necessary) Uncontrolled arrhythmias Inability to cooperate or hold breath Relative: High heart rate (>100 bpm) Severe obesity (may degrade image quality) Claustrophobia Thyrotoxi...

  📝 Radiology Case -5 Final Report (Insta, Facebook post ) Patient Information : Age/Gender: 60-year-old male Clinical Presentation: Breathlessness, chest pain, and dysphagia. Imaging Modality & Views : Chest X-ray (PA view) CT Thorax (Axial lung and mediastinal windows) Findings : Chest X-ray : Multiple thick-walled cavitary lesions in the right upper and mid zones. Associated volume loss and fibrotic changes with B/L Emphysematous chenges seen. Mediastinal deviation to the right. Mild pleural thickning noted. CT Thorax : Multiple varying size broncho  cavitory lesion with adjecent fibroatelectic changes - Chronic infection . B/L Pleural thickening. Right sided mediastinal and tracheal shifted. Multiple varying size paasptal infiltration with emphysematous changes seen in bilateral lung field. Large bulla seen n the right lower lobe. Suggestive of changes of COPD .

          CT SCAN BRAIN (ANGIOGRAPHY) CT Brain Angiography ( CTA Brain ) is a  radiological procedure that uses computed tomography and contrast injection to visualize the blood vessels in the brain , especially arterie s. It helps in diagnosing vascular abnormalities of the cerebral cirAcquisition 🧠 1. Definition CT Brain Angiography (CTA) is an advanced imaging technique to evaluate intracranial arteries and veins , including: Circle of Willis Cerebral arteries (ACA, MCA, PCA) Venous sinuses (if venous CTA is done) It is faster and less invasive than conventional catheter angiography. ✅ 2. Indications Aneurysms Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) Acute stroke (to detect vessel occlusion) Intracranial stenosis or thrombosis Vascular tumors Head trauma (to assess vascular injury) Follow-up after clipping/coiling of aneurysms Pre-operative planning for neurosurgery ❌ 3. Contraindications Allergy to iodinated contrast Renal ...

            CASE NO. 4 ( FB and INSTA) Based on the provided chest X-ray and CT scan images, along with the clinical history of 60 Year Male patient present with  fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain , the findings are highly suggestive of lobar pneumonia , most likely involving the  lower lobe . Here's a breakdown:       Image Analysis (x-Ray and CT) 1. Chest X-Ray (Image 1) Findings : There is a homogeneous opacity in the right lower lung zone. The opacity is localized , suggesting consolidation. No clear air bronchograms are visible on this view, but they may be subtle. Interpretation : These features are consistent with lobar consolidation , typical of bacterial pneumonia . 2. CT Chest ( image no. 2) Findings : The axial image shows patchy to confluent consolidation in the right lower lobe. Presence of air bronchograms (visible air-filled bronchi within consolidated lung). No significant pleural ef...

                      Final Diagnosis : Achalasia with Megaesophagus (Advanced Stage). 🔍 Radiologic Evidence: 🩻 Chest X-ray (Image 3) : Shows a widened mediastinum with a long, tubular opacity . Evidence of air-fluid level and mottled density , suggestive of retained food/debris in a dilated esophagus. Esophagus appears greatly dilated , deviating slightly to the left — classic for chronic achalasia . 📸 CT Scan (Images 1 & 2 – Coronal and Sagittal) : Demonstrates a massively dilated esophagus filled with fluid, food debris, and gas . No discrete mass or stricture is visible, helping rule out malignancy (pseudoachalasia) . The esophagus extends well below the carina, almost to the gastroesophageal junction, with a characteristic tapered narrowing at the LES ("bird beak" sign may be inferred on barium). 🧠 Clinical Correlation: 10-year history of progressive dysphagia to both solids and liquids. Worsen...

 RADIOLOGY CASE-1 (  INSTRAGRAM/FACEBOOK) SOLUTION This is a chest X-ray image showing the thoracic region of the spine and rib cage. The red arrows are pointing to abnormalities in the upper zones of the Left lung (left side of the image due to standard radiographic orientation). Observations (On x-Ray) The areas indicated by the arrows show increased opacity (whiter areas), suggesting consolidation or infiltrates , which are not normally seen in healthy lung fields. These findings could be consistent with pulmonary tuberculosis , pneumonia , or another form of infection/inflammation . The right upper lobe is a common site for post-primary (reactivation) tuberculosis , and the radiographic appearance here is suggestive of that possibility. Observation (On CT scan)      • The areas indicated by the arrows show Consolidation and air fill cavitory lesion. Possibly the finding on ct scan image showing possibly-  Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Recommendations :...

🦠 CT Imaging of Liver Abscess – Key Signs Every Radiographer Should Know 📌 Introduction Liver abscess is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Radiological imaging, especially contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), plays a critical role in early detection and management. This article will walk you through the key CT features of liver abscess, its types, and what radiographers should look out for. 🧫 What is a Liver Abscess? A liver abscess is a localized collection of pus within the liver parenchyma caused by infection. It can be: Pyogenic (bacterial origin) Amoebic (caused by Entamoeba histolytica ) Fungal (less common, usually in immunocompromised patients) 🖼️ CT Imaging Findings Here's a contrast-enhanced axial CT image showing a typical liver abscess ( indicated by the red arrow ):  Key features on CT: Hypodense lesion (low attenuation) Thick or...

          HOW TO READ CHEST X-RAY Reading a chest X-ray (CXR) is a core skill in radiology and clinical practice. Here's a structured, step-by-step approach to reading and interpreting a chest X-ray like a professional: ✅ 1. Patient and Image Details Check patient info : Name, age, sex, and date of the X-ray. Projection type : PA (posteroanterior) vs. AP (anteroposterior) vs. lateral. Image quality : P osition: Patient should be straight (check clavicles and spinous processes). I nspiration: Should see at least 6 anterior or 10 posterior ribs. E xposure: Spine just visible behind the heart. 🔍 2. Systematic Review – Use an ABCDE Approach A – Airways Trachea: Is it central or deviated? Carina: Sharp angle (around 60°). Main bronchi: Any obstruction, collapse, or foreign body? B – Breathing (Lungs & Pleura) Compare lung fields side-by-side. Look for: Opacities (e.g., consolidation, collapse, mass) Hyperlucency (e.g., pneumothorax, e...

           T-TUBE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY   -tube cholangiography is a radiologic procedure used to visualize the biliary tree (bile ducts) postoperatively using a T-tube that is temporarily left in place following bile duct surgery, usually after common bile duct (CBD) exploration . 🔹 Definition T-tube cholangiography is an imaging technique that uses contrast media injected through a T-tube catheter placed in the common bile duct to assess for residual stones, strictures, or bile leaks postoperatively. 🔹 Indications Evaluate patency of the biliary ducts after bile duct surgery Detect residual CBD stones Assess for bile leaks Check for strictures or tumors in the biliary tree Confirm ductal anatomy before T-tube removal 🔹 Contraindications Allergy to iodinated contrast media Infection (cholangitis) – must be controlled first Inability to cooperate (e.g., severely agitated or confused patients without sedation or support) ...

                     ( MYELOGRAPHY ) Myelography (or Myelogram ) is a radiologic procedure used to evaluate the spinal cord, nerve roots, and subarachnoid space . It involves the injection of a contrast medium into the subarachnoid space using fluoroscopic guidance . This procedure helps detect abnormalities that may not be seen on standard X-rays or when MRI is contraindicated. ✅ Indications : Myelography is typically used when MRI is contraindicated or needs additional clarification. Common indications include: Herniated intervertebral disc Spinal stenosis Spinal tumors (intradural, extramedullary or intramedullary) Spinal cord compression Congenital anomalies Postoperative evaluation of spine CSF leak (e.g., spontaneous intracranial hypotension) Trauma to spinal cord or nerve roots 🚫 Contraindications : Allergy to iodinated contrast media Increased intracranial pressure (risk of brain herniation) Infectio...

                (   M. C. U. ) M.C.U. stands for Micturating Cystourethrogram (also called Voiding Cystourethrogram – VCUG ). It is a specialized radiologic procedure used primarily in pediatric and urologic imaging. 🔹 Definition Micturating Cystourethrogram (MCU) is a fluoroscopic imaging study of the urinary bladder and urethra , performed while the bladder is being filled with contrast and during voiding (urination). It evaluates the function and structure of the lower urinary tract. 🔹 Indications MCU is indicated in: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) – most common indication Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) , especially in children Posterior urethral valves (PUV) – in male children Urethral strictures or obstructions Congenital anomalies of the urethra or bladder Bladder trauma or neurogenic bladder Enuresis (bedwetting) when anatomical cause is suspected 🔹 Contraindications Active urinary tract infecti...