Radiology Procedure (Barium meal )

            BARIUM MEAL PROCEDURE

Barium Meal (Upper GI Series) is a radiologic procedure used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using barium sulfate as a contrast medium.

1. Indications

  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  • Persistent upper abdominal pain
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  • Suspected peptic ulcers
  • Suspected gastric outlet obstruction
  • Evaluation of anatomical anomalies (e.g., hiatal hernia)
  • Suspected tumors of the stomach or duodenum
  • Follow-up of gastric surgery

2. Contraindications

  • Suspected gastrointestinal perforation (use water-soluble contrast instead)
  • Complete bowel obstruction
  • Severe dysphagia with risk of aspiration
  • Known or suspected barium allergy (rare)
  • Pregnancy (due to radiation exposure)

3. Preparation

  • Fasting: No food or drink for 6–8 hours before the procedure
  • Medication: May need to stop medications that affect GI motility
  • Smoking: Avoid smoking before the test, as it increases stomach secretions

4. Contrast Media

  • Barium sulfate suspension (thick or thin depending on the indication)
  • May be combined with gas-producing agents for a double-contrast study

5. Method

  • The patient drinks barium sulfate under fluoroscopy
  • Serial X-rays are taken at intervals as the barium passes:
    • Through the esophagus (to look for motility issues or strictures)
    • Into the stomach (to evaluate mucosa, ulcers, tumors)
    • Through the duodenum (to visualize the C-loop and duodenal cap)
  • Patient is moved into different positions (standing, supine, prone) to get complete views

6. Films Taken

  • Immediate esophageal images
  • Supine and erect stomach views
  • Right anterior oblique view for duodenal bulb
  • Delayed images if required (e.g., for gastric emptying)

7. After Care

  • Encourage oral fluids to help expel the barium
  • Inform the patient that stool may appear white or pale for a few days
  • Watch for constipation; mild laxatives may be advised
  • Instruct to report any abdominal pain, distension, or inability to pass stool.. 
               

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